(KMBN OM02) Unit 4: Waste Management

Waste Managment 

Waste management is the process of collecting, transporting, processing, recycling, or disposing of waste materials in a way that helps protect the environment and public health. It includes everything from how we get rid of household trash to how industries handle their waste products.

Here's a breakdown in simple terms:

• Collection: This is the first step where waste is gathered. It can be done by waste collection services that pick up trash from homes, businesses, and streets.
• Sorting: After collection, waste is sorted into different categories, like paper, plastic, glass, metal, and organic waste. This helps in recycling and proper disposal.
• Recycling: Some of the waste materials, like plastic bottles or paper, can be reused to make new products instead of being thrown away.
• Disposal: Waste that cannot be recycled or reused is taken to landfills or incinerated (burned) in a controlled manner to reduce its impact on the environment.
• Composting: Organic waste, such as food scraps or garden waste, can be turned into compost, which is used to fertilize plants and gardens.

Proper waste management reduces pollution, conserves resources, and helps make our surroundings cleaner and healthier.

Value and Waste

Value

Value refers to anything that is useful, important, or beneficial to someone, especially customers. In simple terms, value is what people are willing to pay for because it fulfills their needs or solves their problems.

For example:

• A hot cup of tea on a cold morning.
• A well-functioning mobile phone with the features you need.

Value is created when an activity or product directly adds something meaningful for the user.

Waste

Waste is the opposite of value. It refers to anything that uses time, money, or resources but does not add any benefit or satisfaction. In simpler words, waste is something that doesn't help or isn't needed. Examples include:

• Waiting in a long queue unnecessarily.
• Making extra copies of a document no one needs.

In business, reducing waste means getting rid of things that don't improve the product or service for the customer.

Types of Waste

In simple terms, "types of waste" refer to different kinds of things or actions that don’t add value and should be avoided to save time, effort, and resources. These types are often summarized using the term "TIMWOODS" in management and lean practices. Here's a breakdown in plain language:

• T - Transportation - Moving items, products, or information unnecessarily from one place to another. Example: Carrying materials back and forth without purpose.
• I - Inventory - Keeping too many things in stock or unfinished products lying around. Example: Stockpiling goods that take up space and cost money.
• M - Motion - Extra physical movements by people or machines that don’t add value. Example: Searching for tools or walking too much between work areas.
• W - Waiting - Time wasted when people or machines sit idle, waiting for something. Example: A worker waiting for materials to arrive.
• O - Overproduction - Making more products than needed or making them too early. Example: Producing items that no one has ordered yet.
• O - Overprocessing - Doing more work than necessary or using higher-quality resources than needed. Example: Polishing a part that doesn’t need to look shiny.
• D - Defects - Making mistakes or defective products that need rework or fixing. Example: A broken product that has to be repaired or scrapped.
• S - Skills (underutilization) - Not using people’s talents and abilities effectively. Example: Assigning skilled workers to basic tasks when they can do more.

These wastes eat up resources, time, and money, so identifying and minimizing them helps a business work better!

5S Techniques of Eliminating Wastes

The 5S technique is a simple and effective way to reduce waste and improve productivity. It involves five steps, all starting with the letter "S." 

1. Sort (Seiri) - Get rid of things you don’t need. Look around your workplace or home and remove unnecessary items. Keep only what is required. It helps to Reduce clutter, making it easier to find what you need. 

2. Set in Order (Seiton) - Arrange everything neatly and logically. It organize tools, materials, and items so they’re easy to find and use. Use labels, racks, or boxes. It helps to Saves time and prevents frustration from searching.

3. Shine (Seiso) - Keep your space clean and tidy. It regularly clean your workspace, tools, and equipment. It help to prevents dirt, ensures safety, and helps spot problems early (like a broken tool).

4. Standardize (Seiketsu) - Create a routine to maintain the first three steps. Develop simple rules or schedules for sorting, organizing, and cleaning.  Ensures consistency and makes the system easy to follow.

5. Sustain (Shitsuke) - Make it a habit. Encourage everyone to follow the 5S steps daily and conduct regular checks. It Builds discipline and keeps the workplace efficient in the long run.

Example: Imagine a messy kitchen:

• Sort: Throw out expired food and unnecessary items.
• Set in Order: Arrange utensils, spices, and cookware where you can easily access them.
• Shine: Clean the countertops and stove every day.
• Standardize: Make a rule to clean as you cook.
• Sustain: Follow these steps daily and teach others in your home.

By following 5S, you create a clean, organized, and efficient space, whether at work or home.

Lean Process to Minimize Wastages

The Lean process is a way of working that focuses on reducing waste while ensuring that the work is done efficiently and effectively. Imagine you’re baking a cake, and you don’t want to waste ingredients, time, or energy. The Lean process helps you organize everything so you use just what you need, nothing more.

Here’s how Lean minimizes wastages in simple terms:

• Use only what’s necessary: Avoid overbuying or overusing materials, just like using the exact amount of flour and sugar for the cake.
• Eliminate unnecessary steps: Cut out extra steps that don’t add value, like mixing the batter more times than needed.
• Streamline movement: Keep tools and ingredients close by to avoid wasting time looking for them.
• Fix problems early: If the oven temperature is wrong, fix it immediately to avoid wasting the cake.
• Focus on quality: Make sure each step is done right the first time to avoid redoing it.

Example - Imagine a restaurant. If the kitchen staff prepares meals in the exact order they're needed and avoids making extra dishes that go to waste, they save ingredients, time, and effort. This is Lean in action!

In short, the Lean process helps businesses do more with less, which leads to happier customers, lower costs, and better results.

Types of Wastes Lean Focuses on:

1. Overproduction: Making more than needed (baking too many cakes).
2. Waiting: Time spent waiting for ingredients or tools.
3. Unnecessary transportation: Moving things around too much.
4. Excess inventory: Having too many ingredients that might spoil.
5. Defects: Mistakes that require redoing or fixing.
6. Over-processing: Doing more work than necessary.
7. Wasted motion: Unnecessary physical movements.
8. Unused talent: Not using people’s skills effectively.

By following the Lean process, you save time, money, and effort while delivering a high-quality result efficiently.

Unit 3: Aggregate Planning | Unit 5: Control Systems